Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD): The Basics

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults over the age of 50. This progressive eye disease affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision, and can significantly impact daily activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. Since February is ARMD Awareness Month, it's an important time to learn more about this condition, its risk factors, symptoms, and available treatment options.

What Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

ARMD occurs when the macula deteriorates over time, leading to a gradual loss of central vision. There are two main types of ARMD:

Dry ARMD: The most common form, accounting for about 80-90% of cases. It occurs when small yellow deposits called drusen accumulate under the macula, causing it to thin and lose function. Vision loss tends to progress slowly.
Wet ARMD: A more severe but less common form, occurring when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood. This can lead to rapid vision loss if not treated promptly.

Are You at Risk?

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing ARMD, including:

Age: The risk significantly increases after age 50.
Genetics: A family history of ARMD may elevate your risk.
Smoking: Studies show that smoking doubles the likelihood of developing ARMD.
Diet and Nutrition: A diet lacking antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids may contribute to macular degeneration.
High Blood Pressure: Poor circulation can reduce blood flow to the retina, increasing the risk.
Excessive UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to sunlight without eye protection can contribute to retinal damage.

Why Regular Eye Exams Are Essential

Regular eye exams are essential for detecting ARMD in its early stages before significant vision loss occurs. Many people with early ARMD may not notice symptoms, making comprehensive eye exams the only way to identify subtle changes in the macula. Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can slow disease progression and help preserve vision. During an eye exam, your optometrist can use advanced imaging technology to assess the health of your retina and macula, providing a clear picture of any developing concerns.

Recognizing the Symptoms of ARMD

ARMD often develops gradually and may go unnoticed in the early stages. Common symptoms include:

Blurred or distorted central vision
Difficulty seeing in low-light conditions
Straight lines appearing wavy or crooked
Dark or empty spots in the central vision
Diminished color perception

Treatment for ARMD

While there is no cure, treatments can help slow its progression and preserve vision:

Lifestyle Modifications: A healthy diet rich in leafy greens, fish, and antioxidants can support eye health.
AREDS2 Supplements: A specific combination of vitamins and minerals, such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and zinc, has been shown to slow the progression of ARMD.
Anti-VEGF Injections: For wet ARMD, injections can reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage.
Low Vision Aids: Magnifying glasses, specialized lighting, and adaptive technology can help individuals with significant vision loss maintain independence.

Prioritize Your Eye Health This ARMD Awareness Month

February serves as a reminder of the importance of proactive eye care. Regular eye exams are essential for detecting ARMD in its early stages and taking steps to preserve your vision.

Schedule your comprehensive eye exam with Crystal View Optometry today to assess your eye health and discuss ways to protect your vision from age-related macular degeneration. Please call (916) 681-1101 for our office in Elk Grove, or call (530) 272-2238 for our office in Grass Valley.